Class 09 History Chapter 5 Indian Revolutionary Movement ( From 1919 AD to 1947 AD)
Chapter Notes
The Indian Independence Movement was a non-violent and armed revolutionary movement, inspired by national and regional calls, excitements and efforts, conducted by various political organizations, whose objective was to uproot the British rule from the Indian subcontinent. The beginning of this movement is considered to be from the revolution in 1857 AD. Of all the efforts made for India's independence between 1857 AD and 1947 AD, the presence of revolutionaries and martyrs who cherished independence proved to be the most inspiring. He awakened patriotism among the youth of the country, taught them to die for the country's freedom and thus he succeeded in strengthening the country's freedom struggle.
In the revolutionary movement from 1919 AD to 1947 AD, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Sachindranath Sanyal, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutt, Yashpal, Jatindas, Bhagwaticharan Vohra, Durga Bhabhi, Surya Sen, Udham Singh etc. played the part. These revolutionaries put forward the following objectives by establishing various organizations:
Disappointment among the youth due to the postponement of the Non-Cooperation Movement – As a result of the anger arising from Jallianwala Bagh, Mahatma Gandhi started the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' in 1920 AD. The main objective of this movement was not to cooperate with the British in any way. Government offices, schools were abandoned and foreign clothes were burnt. But after the 'Chauri-Chaura' incident of 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to postpone the movement, due to which the hopes of the enthusiastic youth were dashed. The youth who had given up their education due to the storm of mass movement, They now felt that they had been betrayed. Most of them started questioning the strategy of the national leadership. He started losing faith in the ideology of non-violent movement. Most of them now accepted that independence could be achieved only through violent means. All they needed now was leadership and guidance. Due to suspension of the movement, the credibility of Congress declined rapidly. While in 1921 AD their membership was around one crore, by 1923 it reduced to only a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement. By then it had reduced to just a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement. By then it had reduced to just a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement.
Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh and Kakori incident –
First of all the revolutionaries of North India started getting organized. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Shachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924 AD, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh was formed. Its objective was to overthrow the colonial power through armed revolution and to establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage the struggle, to propagate, to recruit youth, to train and to collect arms. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested. He was put on trial. Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahri and Ashfaqullah Khan were sentenced to death. Four were sent to Andaman after giving life imprisonment. 17 others were given long sentences. Chandrashekhar Azad could not be caught till the end.
Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev –
After the Kakori case, Chandrashekhar Azad took up the task of re-organizing the revolutionaries of North India. Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Bhagat Singh, Yashpal, Sukhdev and Jaychandra Vidyalankar had already laid the foundation of a strong revolutionary movement in Punjab under the organization of "Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha". Vijay Kumar Sinha, Batukeshwar Dutt and Ajay Kumar Ghosh of Kanpur, Bhagwan Das, Shiv Verma, Sadashivrao of Jhansi, Jai Gopal, Kundanlal, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Mahavir Singh, Rajguru from United Provinces and Bihar also continued their revolutionary activities. All of them accepted to work under the leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad. Revolutionary activities now started intensifying in India.
1. Hindustan Samajwadi Prajatantra Sangh – On September 8-9, 1928, a meeting of revolutionaries was held at Ferozeshah Kotla Ground, Delhi. Although Chandrashekhar Azad could not participate in it, he sent a message that he would accept whatever was passed unanimously. In this meeting, there was a long debate on whether the name of the organization should be changed or not because some of the revolutionaries were highly influenced by the ideas of socialism and the main objective of this revolutionary movement was to achieve political independence as well as complete reform in the socio-economic structure. Had to change. As a result, the name of this organization was changed to "Hindustan Samajwadi Prajatantra Sangh". Chandrashekhar Azad was elected the president of this party.
2. Martyrdom of Lala Lajpat Rai and killing of Saunders – On October 30, 1928, his death due to barbaric lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai at the time of protest against Simon Commission in Lahore forced the young revolutionaries to take the path of revolution once again. . So it was decided that the police officer responsible for killing Lalaji should be killed. Four persons were appointed for the murder, which included Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajguru, Bhagat Singh and Jai Gopal. In the evening of December 17, 1928 AD, at about 4:00 pm, these people reached Lahore Police Station, as soon as Saunders came out of the Punjab Civil Secretariat, Rajguru fired at Saunders, he fell down. Now Bhagat Singh moved forward and fired several bullets at Saunders. After this he tried to run away, On this, Head Constable Chanan Singh chased him. Chandrashekhar Azad shot him dead despite his unwillingness. The English police became alert. Durga Bhabhi played an important role in taking Bhagat Singh from Lahore to Calcutta. Durgavati Vohra was the wife of Bhagwati Charan Vohra, hence all the revolutionaries used to call her 'Durga Bhabhi'.
3. Incident of throwing bomb in the Assembly – Bhagat Singh, who reached Calcutta with Durga Bhabhi, met Jatindranath Das from whom he learned the method of making bombs. After returning from Calcutta, Bhagat Singh and his comrades established bomb making factories in Agra and Delhi. Shiv Verma established bomb factories in Saharanpur and Sukhdev in Lahore. The next main task of the revolutionaries was to drop bombs in the Central Legislative Council Hall. On April 8, 1929, when 'Public Safety' and 'Industrial Disputes Bill' were being debated, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt dropped two bombs from the audience gallery. Given. The entire hall was filled with smoke and a stampede broke out. The bombs were dropped at empty places so that no one was harmed. Both made no attempt to run away. Both of them stood there and kept throwing leaflets, in which it was written, 'To make your voice reach the ears of the deaf, you have to make a loud bang.' 'Inquilab Zindabad', Slogans were raised 'Down with British imperialism'. He himself gave his arrests.
4. Case against Bhagat Singh – Bhagat Singh was arrested and sent to jail. His trial in the Delhi Sessions Court started on May 7, 1929. They gave a joint statement in the court, in which they highlighted the objectives of the revolution. After this incident, Lord Irwin said in the joint session of both the Houses of the Assembly that “This rebellion was not against any particular person, but against the entire administrative system.”
The fearless statements and rebellious attitude of Bhagat Singh and his fellow revolutionaries in the court attracted the attention of the entire country. The statements given by the young revolutionaries were published in the newspapers the next day. He used to walk fearlessly and courageously in the court shouting slogans of 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with Imperialism', humming the songs 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hamare Dil Mein Hai' and 'Mera Rang De Basanti Chola'. Bhagat Singh's name had become synonymous with revolution in every household of the country. The influence of the activities of these revolutionaries was also seen in the policy of the Congress when the Congress declared the demand of 'Complete Swaraj' as its goal in its Lahore annual session in December 1929 and at midnight on January 26, 1930, Ravi Tricolor hoisted on the banks of the river. All this was the result of the growing influence of the revolutionaries.
5. Hunger strike in Lahore jail - The judge sentenced Bhagat Singh to life imprisonment on June 12, 1929 AD. Meanwhile, the police got a clue about the bomb factories set up by the revolutionaries. So the police raided the bomb factories of Delhi, Saharanpur and Lahore. Many revolutionaries were caught. The case of Bhagat Singh's involvement in the Saunders murder case started with Jai Gopal becoming a government witness. This is called 'Lahore Conspiracy Case'. After this, he was presented in the court of Lahore and a case was started against him. During the trial, these revolutionaries told the court about the policies, objectives and program of the revolutionary party. All these news started reaching people through newspapers. He started giving frequent statements, which increased his popularity among the public. Those who till now used to condemn the revolutionaries, now started praising them.
These revolutionaries demanded in the jail that they should not be considered as ordinary prisoners but should be considered as political prisoners and they should be given all the facilities which are given to political prisoners. For this he started a fast in jail. Yatin Das was martyred on the sixty-third day. When his body was taken from Lahore to Calcutta in a special vehicle, there was no station on the way where tributes were not paid to the martyr. The whole country was paying homage to his martyrdom. In jail, Bhagat Singh and his companions fasted for more than a hundred days.
Decision of Lahore Case – The trial of Saunders murder case started on July 10, 1929. Twenty-four revolutionaries were prosecuted. Six were absconding, three were released, seven became government witnesses, the remaining eight went on trial. The case was removed from the magistrate's court and went before a tribunal of three judges. Bhagat Singh and his companions did not take the case seriously. Chandrashekhar Azad and other revolutionaries planned to free him but did not succeed. On October 7, 1930, the Special Tribunal sentenced Bhagat Singh and his comrades to death under sections 121, 302, 46, 6F, 120 (B) of the Indian Penal Code. Demonstrations began across the country to stop the death sentence. Madan Mohan Malviya appealed to release them on humanitarian grounds. 'Gandhi-Irwin Pact' was signed on March 5, 1931. Mahatma Gandhi was criticized that he used Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev was not saved from hanging. Finally the date of hanging was fixed. All three were hanged on March 23, 1931 at 7:00 pm. Due to fear of public opposition, his last rites were performed secretly on the banks of Sutlej river. We celebrate this day as 'Martyrdom Day', which reminds us of their courage and sacrifices. While paying tribute to Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose had said that 'Bhagat Singh Zindabad and Inquilab Zindabad have the same meaning.'
Chittagong Armory incident –
The revolutionaries of Bengal were active under revolutionary organizations like 'Yugantar' and 'Anushilan Samiti', in 1924, Gopinath Saha made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Police Commissioner Tegart. After that there was slackness in the revolutionary activities in Bengal. In the beginning of 1930 AD, Suryasen again activated the revolutionary movement. Indian revolutionary Surya Sen planned to raid and loot the armory of police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong (Bengal Presidency, now in Bangladesh). The plan was implemented at 10 pm on April 18, 1930. A group of revolutionaries led by Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armoury. About 65 people took part in the attack, carried out in the name of the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch. Suryasen's main objective behind this was to loot the main armoury, destroy the telegraph and telephone office and kill the members of the European Club, The plan was to take hostages, most of whom were government or military officials. The revolutionaries failed to locate the ammunition. But the same night he hoisted the national flag at the police armoury. Proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government and quickly left Chittagong. Later on February 16, 1933, Surya Sen was arrested and on January 12, 1934, he was hanged.
Martyrdom of Chandrashekhar Azad and Udham Singh –
After the arrest of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1931, a man informed the police about him. The police surrounded them at Alfred Park in Allahabad. There he had an encounter with the police. Chandrashekhar Azad wanted to remain independent. He did not want to fall into the hands of the British, so he killed himself with the last bullet and attained martyrdom. He always used to say “We will face the bullets of the enemies, we have been free, we will be free.” After his death the revolutionary movement started to weaken. By the end of 1932 AD, there was relaxation in the revolutionary movement in North India and by the end of 1934 AD also in Bengal. But one revolutionary had been suppressing the flame of revolution in his heart for 21 years, that was Udham Singh. Udham Singh was an eyewitness to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He took an oath to avenge this massacre and reached London in 1934 AD. March 13, Michael O'Dwyer was present as the keynote speaker at a function organized at Caxton Hall, London in 1940. Udham Singh shot him dead. After this, he was tried and on July 31, 1940, he was hanged in Pantonville jail. The ashes of martyr Udham Singh were brought to India in 1974 AD.
Naval movement
During the First World War, the Ghadar Party and other revolutionaries wanted to seek the help of Turkey and Germany against the British Government, but they did not succeed. In World War II (1939 AD-1945 AD), similar efforts were made by leader Subhash Chandra Bose. The extraordinary works of Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad Hind Fauj had a deep impact on the Indian public. When the British Government announced the prosecution of some officers of the 'Azad Hind Fauj' for breaking the oath of allegiance to the British rule and betraying them, the wave of nationalist protest spread across the country. Huge demonstrations took place all over the country.
The movement of 'Azad Hind Fauj' had an impact on the national movement and also on the army. In the year 1946, unrest started spreading in the army. The incident of movement in the Royal Navy is a living example of this which shook the foundation of British rule in India. The spontaneous beginning of this movement took place on February 18, 1946 AD on the Naval Signals Training Ship 'I. N. S. 'Sword'. British commanding officers resorted to racial insults and retaliation when sailors complained of poor food. They directly used to behave disrespectfully with the Indian soldiers. The reply of the British officials was “Beggars cannot be free to choose.” The sailors went on hunger strike. Strike Castle the next day, It spread to the fort barracks and 22 ships in Bombay harbour. Although it started in Bombay, but it got full support from Karachi to Calcutta all over British India. Revolutionary sailors removed the Union Jack flags from the ship and hoisted the tricolor there. Altogether 78 ships, 20 land bases and 20,000 sailors took part in it. In January 1946, the airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Long live Inquilab', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Down with British imperialism'. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Long live Inquilab', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Down with British imperialism'.
In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy.
Important dates :-
Question Answer
Fill in the blanks:
True and False:
Let us consider:
Question 1. Discuss the Kakori incident in detail. What was the result?
Answer – First of all the revolutionaries of North India started organizing. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh was formed. Its objective was to overthrow colonial power through armed revolution and establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage a struggle, to carry out propaganda, to recruit youth into their ranks, to train them and to collect weapons. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested. He was put on trial. Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahri and Ashfaqullah Khan were sentenced to death. Four were sent to Andaman after giving life imprisonment. 17 others were given long sentences. Chandrashekhar Azad could not be caught till the end.
Question 2. What was Naujawan Sabha? Mentioning the names of its revolutionary members, discuss their functions and objectives.
Answer – After the Kakori case, Chandrashekhar Azad took up the task of re-organizing the revolutionaries of North India. Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Bhagat Singh, Yashpal, Sukhdev and Jaychandra Vidyalankar had already laid the foundation of a strong revolutionary movement in Punjab under the organization of "Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha". Vijay Kumar Sinha, Batukeshwar Dutt and Ajay Kumar Ghosh of Kanpur, Bhagwan Das, Shiv Verma, Sadashivrao of Jhansi, Jai Gopal, Kundanlal, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Mahavir Singh, Rajguru from United Provinces and Bihar also continued their revolutionary activities. All of them accepted to work under the leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad. Revolutionary activities were now intensifying in India.
Question 3. When and who formed the “Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh”? How was this directly related to the Kakori incident?
Answer – First of all the revolutionaries of North India started getting organized. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Shachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924 AD, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which "Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh" was formed. Its objective was to overthrow the colonial power through armed revolution and to establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage the struggle, to propagate, to recruit youth, to train and to collect arms. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested.
Important Question Answer
Question. What is Lahore Conspiracy Case? What was the result of this?
Answer – Bhagat Singh in 1929 AD, when there was a debate on “Public Meeting” and “Industrial Disputes Bill”, Bhagat Singh dropped two bombs from the audience gallery, which created a stir there. Bhagat Singh made no attempt to escape and was arrested. The judge sentenced Bhagat Singh to life imprisonment on June 12, 1929 AD. Meanwhile, the police got a clue about the bomb factories set up by the revolutionaries. So the police raided the bomb factories of Delhi, Saharanpur and Lahore. Many revolutionaries were caught. The case of Bhagat Singh's involvement in the Saunders murder case started with Jai Gopal becoming a government witness. This is called the 'Lahore Conspiracy Case'. After this, he was presented in the court of Lahore and a case was started against him. During the trial, these revolutionaries told the court about the policies of the revolutionary party, Told about the objectives and programme. All these news started reaching people through newspapers. He started giving frequent statements, which increased his popularity among the public. Those who till now had condemned the revolutionaries, now started praising them.
The Indian Independence Movement was a non-violent and armed revolutionary movement, inspired by national and regional calls, excitements and efforts, conducted by various political organizations, whose objective was to uproot the British rule from the Indian subcontinent. The beginning of this movement is considered to be from the revolution in 1857 AD. Of all the efforts made for India's independence between 1857 AD and 1947 AD, the presence of revolutionaries and martyrs who cherished independence proved to be the most inspiring. He awakened patriotism among the youth of the country, taught them to die for the country's freedom and thus he succeeded in strengthening the country's freedom struggle.
In the revolutionary movement from 1919 AD to 1947 AD, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Sachindranath Sanyal, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutt, Yashpal, Jatindas, Bhagwaticharan Vohra, Durga Bhabhi, Surya Sen, Udham Singh etc. played the part. These revolutionaries put forward the following objectives by establishing various organizations:
- To establish a revolutionary organization at the All India level.
- Providing secular form to the revolutionary organization.
- To establish an egalitarian society.
- To give the form of mass movement to the revolutionary movement.
- To give a prominent place to the women class in the revolutionary organization.
- To make India independent.
Disappointment among the youth due to the postponement of the Non-Cooperation Movement – As a result of the anger arising from Jallianwala Bagh, Mahatma Gandhi started the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' in 1920 AD. The main objective of this movement was not to cooperate with the British in any way. Government offices, schools were abandoned and foreign clothes were burnt. But after the 'Chauri-Chaura' incident of 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to postpone the movement, due to which the hopes of the enthusiastic youth were dashed. The youth who had given up their education due to the storm of mass movement, They now felt that they had been betrayed. Most of them started questioning the strategy of the national leadership. He started losing faith in the ideology of non-violent movement. Most of them now accepted that independence could be achieved only through violent means. All they needed now was leadership and guidance. Due to suspension of the movement, the credibility of Congress declined rapidly. While in 1921 AD their membership was around one crore, by 1923 it reduced to only a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement. By then it had reduced to just a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement. By then it had reduced to just a few lakhs. Innumerable youths like Bhagat Singh, frustrated by the non-fulfillment of Mahatma Gandhi's promise of providing Swaraj within one year and the postponement of the non-cooperation movement, set out on the path of complete revolutionary movement.
Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh and Kakori incident –
First of all the revolutionaries of North India started getting organized. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Shachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924 AD, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh was formed. Its objective was to overthrow the colonial power through armed revolution and to establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage the struggle, to propagate, to recruit youth, to train and to collect arms. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested. He was put on trial. Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahri and Ashfaqullah Khan were sentenced to death. Four were sent to Andaman after giving life imprisonment. 17 others were given long sentences. Chandrashekhar Azad could not be caught till the end.
Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev –
After the Kakori case, Chandrashekhar Azad took up the task of re-organizing the revolutionaries of North India. Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Bhagat Singh, Yashpal, Sukhdev and Jaychandra Vidyalankar had already laid the foundation of a strong revolutionary movement in Punjab under the organization of "Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha". Vijay Kumar Sinha, Batukeshwar Dutt and Ajay Kumar Ghosh of Kanpur, Bhagwan Das, Shiv Verma, Sadashivrao of Jhansi, Jai Gopal, Kundanlal, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Mahavir Singh, Rajguru from United Provinces and Bihar also continued their revolutionary activities. All of them accepted to work under the leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad. Revolutionary activities now started intensifying in India.
1. Hindustan Samajwadi Prajatantra Sangh – On September 8-9, 1928, a meeting of revolutionaries was held at Ferozeshah Kotla Ground, Delhi. Although Chandrashekhar Azad could not participate in it, he sent a message that he would accept whatever was passed unanimously. In this meeting, there was a long debate on whether the name of the organization should be changed or not because some of the revolutionaries were highly influenced by the ideas of socialism and the main objective of this revolutionary movement was to achieve political independence as well as complete reform in the socio-economic structure. Had to change. As a result, the name of this organization was changed to "Hindustan Samajwadi Prajatantra Sangh". Chandrashekhar Azad was elected the president of this party.
2. Martyrdom of Lala Lajpat Rai and killing of Saunders – On October 30, 1928, his death due to barbaric lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai at the time of protest against Simon Commission in Lahore forced the young revolutionaries to take the path of revolution once again. . So it was decided that the police officer responsible for killing Lalaji should be killed. Four persons were appointed for the murder, which included Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajguru, Bhagat Singh and Jai Gopal. In the evening of December 17, 1928 AD, at about 4:00 pm, these people reached Lahore Police Station, as soon as Saunders came out of the Punjab Civil Secretariat, Rajguru fired at Saunders, he fell down. Now Bhagat Singh moved forward and fired several bullets at Saunders. After this he tried to run away, On this, Head Constable Chanan Singh chased him. Chandrashekhar Azad shot him dead despite his unwillingness. The English police became alert. Durga Bhabhi played an important role in taking Bhagat Singh from Lahore to Calcutta. Durgavati Vohra was the wife of Bhagwati Charan Vohra, hence all the revolutionaries used to call her 'Durga Bhabhi'.
3. Incident of throwing bomb in the Assembly – Bhagat Singh, who reached Calcutta with Durga Bhabhi, met Jatindranath Das from whom he learned the method of making bombs. After returning from Calcutta, Bhagat Singh and his comrades established bomb making factories in Agra and Delhi. Shiv Verma established bomb factories in Saharanpur and Sukhdev in Lahore. The next main task of the revolutionaries was to drop bombs in the Central Legislative Council Hall. On April 8, 1929, when 'Public Safety' and 'Industrial Disputes Bill' were being debated, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt dropped two bombs from the audience gallery. Given. The entire hall was filled with smoke and a stampede broke out. The bombs were dropped at empty places so that no one was harmed. Both made no attempt to run away. Both of them stood there and kept throwing leaflets, in which it was written, 'To make your voice reach the ears of the deaf, you have to make a loud bang.' 'Inquilab Zindabad', Slogans were raised 'Down with British imperialism'. He himself gave his arrests.
4. Case against Bhagat Singh – Bhagat Singh was arrested and sent to jail. His trial in the Delhi Sessions Court started on May 7, 1929. They gave a joint statement in the court, in which they highlighted the objectives of the revolution. After this incident, Lord Irwin said in the joint session of both the Houses of the Assembly that “This rebellion was not against any particular person, but against the entire administrative system.”
The fearless statements and rebellious attitude of Bhagat Singh and his fellow revolutionaries in the court attracted the attention of the entire country. The statements given by the young revolutionaries were published in the newspapers the next day. He used to walk fearlessly and courageously in the court shouting slogans of 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with Imperialism', humming the songs 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna Ab Hamare Dil Mein Hai' and 'Mera Rang De Basanti Chola'. Bhagat Singh's name had become synonymous with revolution in every household of the country. The influence of the activities of these revolutionaries was also seen in the policy of the Congress when the Congress declared the demand of 'Complete Swaraj' as its goal in its Lahore annual session in December 1929 and at midnight on January 26, 1930, Ravi Tricolor hoisted on the banks of the river. All this was the result of the growing influence of the revolutionaries.
5. Hunger strike in Lahore jail - The judge sentenced Bhagat Singh to life imprisonment on June 12, 1929 AD. Meanwhile, the police got a clue about the bomb factories set up by the revolutionaries. So the police raided the bomb factories of Delhi, Saharanpur and Lahore. Many revolutionaries were caught. The case of Bhagat Singh's involvement in the Saunders murder case started with Jai Gopal becoming a government witness. This is called 'Lahore Conspiracy Case'. After this, he was presented in the court of Lahore and a case was started against him. During the trial, these revolutionaries told the court about the policies, objectives and program of the revolutionary party. All these news started reaching people through newspapers. He started giving frequent statements, which increased his popularity among the public. Those who till now used to condemn the revolutionaries, now started praising them.
These revolutionaries demanded in the jail that they should not be considered as ordinary prisoners but should be considered as political prisoners and they should be given all the facilities which are given to political prisoners. For this he started a fast in jail. Yatin Das was martyred on the sixty-third day. When his body was taken from Lahore to Calcutta in a special vehicle, there was no station on the way where tributes were not paid to the martyr. The whole country was paying homage to his martyrdom. In jail, Bhagat Singh and his companions fasted for more than a hundred days.
Decision of Lahore Case – The trial of Saunders murder case started on July 10, 1929. Twenty-four revolutionaries were prosecuted. Six were absconding, three were released, seven became government witnesses, the remaining eight went on trial. The case was removed from the magistrate's court and went before a tribunal of three judges. Bhagat Singh and his companions did not take the case seriously. Chandrashekhar Azad and other revolutionaries planned to free him but did not succeed. On October 7, 1930, the Special Tribunal sentenced Bhagat Singh and his comrades to death under sections 121, 302, 46, 6F, 120 (B) of the Indian Penal Code. Demonstrations began across the country to stop the death sentence. Madan Mohan Malviya appealed to release them on humanitarian grounds. 'Gandhi-Irwin Pact' was signed on March 5, 1931. Mahatma Gandhi was criticized that he used Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev was not saved from hanging. Finally the date of hanging was fixed. All three were hanged on March 23, 1931 at 7:00 pm. Due to fear of public opposition, his last rites were performed secretly on the banks of Sutlej river. We celebrate this day as 'Martyrdom Day', which reminds us of their courage and sacrifices. While paying tribute to Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose had said that 'Bhagat Singh Zindabad and Inquilab Zindabad have the same meaning.'
Chittagong Armory incident –
The revolutionaries of Bengal were active under revolutionary organizations like 'Yugantar' and 'Anushilan Samiti', in 1924, Gopinath Saha made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Police Commissioner Tegart. After that there was slackness in the revolutionary activities in Bengal. In the beginning of 1930 AD, Suryasen again activated the revolutionary movement. Indian revolutionary Surya Sen planned to raid and loot the armory of police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong (Bengal Presidency, now in Bangladesh). The plan was implemented at 10 pm on April 18, 1930. A group of revolutionaries led by Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armoury. About 65 people took part in the attack, carried out in the name of the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch. Suryasen's main objective behind this was to loot the main armoury, destroy the telegraph and telephone office and kill the members of the European Club, The plan was to take hostages, most of whom were government or military officials. The revolutionaries failed to locate the ammunition. But the same night he hoisted the national flag at the police armoury. Proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government and quickly left Chittagong. Later on February 16, 1933, Surya Sen was arrested and on January 12, 1934, he was hanged.
Martyrdom of Chandrashekhar Azad and Udham Singh –
After the arrest of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1931, a man informed the police about him. The police surrounded them at Alfred Park in Allahabad. There he had an encounter with the police. Chandrashekhar Azad wanted to remain independent. He did not want to fall into the hands of the British, so he killed himself with the last bullet and attained martyrdom. He always used to say “We will face the bullets of the enemies, we have been free, we will be free.” After his death the revolutionary movement started to weaken. By the end of 1932 AD, there was relaxation in the revolutionary movement in North India and by the end of 1934 AD also in Bengal. But one revolutionary had been suppressing the flame of revolution in his heart for 21 years, that was Udham Singh. Udham Singh was an eyewitness to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He took an oath to avenge this massacre and reached London in 1934 AD. March 13, Michael O'Dwyer was present as the keynote speaker at a function organized at Caxton Hall, London in 1940. Udham Singh shot him dead. After this, he was tried and on July 31, 1940, he was hanged in Pantonville jail. The ashes of martyr Udham Singh were brought to India in 1974 AD.
Naval movement
During the First World War, the Ghadar Party and other revolutionaries wanted to seek the help of Turkey and Germany against the British Government, but they did not succeed. In World War II (1939 AD-1945 AD), similar efforts were made by leader Subhash Chandra Bose. The extraordinary works of Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad Hind Fauj had a deep impact on the Indian public. When the British Government announced the prosecution of some officers of the 'Azad Hind Fauj' for breaking the oath of allegiance to the British rule and betraying them, the wave of nationalist protest spread across the country. Huge demonstrations took place all over the country.
The movement of 'Azad Hind Fauj' had an impact on the national movement and also on the army. In the year 1946, unrest started spreading in the army. The incident of movement in the Royal Navy is a living example of this which shook the foundation of British rule in India. The spontaneous beginning of this movement took place on February 18, 1946 AD on the Naval Signals Training Ship 'I. N. S. 'Sword'. British commanding officers resorted to racial insults and retaliation when sailors complained of poor food. They directly used to behave disrespectfully with the Indian soldiers. The reply of the British officials was “Beggars cannot be free to choose.” The sailors went on hunger strike. Strike Castle the next day, It spread to the fort barracks and 22 ships in Bombay harbour. Although it started in Bombay, but it got full support from Karachi to Calcutta all over British India. Revolutionary sailors removed the Union Jack flags from the ship and hoisted the tricolor there. Altogether 78 ships, 20 land bases and 20,000 sailors took part in it. In January 1946, the airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Long live Inquilab', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Down with British imperialism'. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that the discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Long live Inquilab', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Down with British imperialism'.
In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy.
Important dates :-
- Formation of Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh in Kanpur – 1924 AD.
- Kakori incident – August 9, 1925 AD.
- Murder of Saunders – December 17, 1928 AD.
- Explosion in Central Assembly – 8 April, 1929 AD.
- Attack on Chittagong Arsenal – April 18, 1930
- Martyrdom of Chandrashekhar Azad – 27 February, 1931 AD.
- Arrest of Suryasen – 16 February, 1933 AD.
- Martyrdom of revolutionary Surya Sen – January 12, 1934 AD.
- Martyrdom of Udham Singh – 31 July, 1940 AD.
- Armed movement of Navy – 1946 AD.
Question Answer
Fill in the blanks:
- Kakori incident took place under the leadership of _______.
- The trial of Bhagat Singh started on ________ AD.
- Naval movement took place in ________ AD.
- Martyrdom Day is observed on __________.
- Chittagong incident was led by ________.
True and False:
The violent incident of Chauri-Chaura took place on February 5, 1922. (✓)
Ashfaqullah Khan was involved in the Kakori incident. (✓)
8 down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train was stopped at Kakori for looting. (✓)
The hunger strike of Bhagat Singh and his companions lasted only twenty days. (×)
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on March 23, 1931. (✓)
Learn again:
Ashfaqullah Khan was involved in the Kakori incident. (✓)
8 down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train was stopped at Kakori for looting. (✓)
The hunger strike of Bhagat Singh and his companions lasted only twenty days. (×)
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on March 23, 1931. (✓)
Learn again:
- Kakori incident happened on August 9, 1925 AD.
- The Simon Commission was opposed by the leader Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab.
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place in March 1931 AD.
- The attack on the Chittagong armory was led by Surya Sen.
- Armed conflict of the Royal Navy I.N. S. The sword happened on the ship.
Let us consider:
Question 1. Discuss the Kakori incident in detail. What was the result?
Answer – First of all the revolutionaries of North India started organizing. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh was formed. Its objective was to overthrow colonial power through armed revolution and establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage a struggle, to carry out propaganda, to recruit youth into their ranks, to train them and to collect weapons. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested. He was put on trial. Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahri and Ashfaqullah Khan were sentenced to death. Four were sent to Andaman after giving life imprisonment. 17 others were given long sentences. Chandrashekhar Azad could not be caught till the end.
Question 2. What was Naujawan Sabha? Mentioning the names of its revolutionary members, discuss their functions and objectives.
Answer – After the Kakori case, Chandrashekhar Azad took up the task of re-organizing the revolutionaries of North India. Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Bhagat Singh, Yashpal, Sukhdev and Jaychandra Vidyalankar had already laid the foundation of a strong revolutionary movement in Punjab under the organization of "Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha". Vijay Kumar Sinha, Batukeshwar Dutt and Ajay Kumar Ghosh of Kanpur, Bhagwan Das, Shiv Verma, Sadashivrao of Jhansi, Jai Gopal, Kundanlal, Kamal Nath Tiwari, Mahavir Singh, Rajguru from United Provinces and Bihar also continued their revolutionary activities. All of them accepted to work under the leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad. Revolutionary activities were now intensifying in India.
Question 3. When and who formed the “Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh”? How was this directly related to the Kakori incident?
Answer – First of all the revolutionaries of North India started getting organized. Their leaders were Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Shachindranath Sanyal and Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya. In October 1924 AD, a conference of these revolutionaries was held in Kanpur in which "Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh" was formed. Its objective was to overthrow the colonial power through armed revolution and to establish a federal republic 'United States of India'. They needed money to wage the struggle, to propagate, to recruit youth, to train and to collect arms. For this purpose, 10 persons of this organization held a meeting in Shahjahanpur under the leadership of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and planned to loot the treasury of the English government. August 9, 1925 AD Stopped the 8-down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train leaving the railway station of village Kakori in Lucknow district by pulling the chain and looted the treasury of the British Government. The government was very angry with this incident and a large number of youths were arrested.
Question 4. Discuss in detail the movement of the Royal Navy and explain its importance.
Answer – When the British government announced a case against some officers of 'Azad Hind Fauj' on charges of breaking the oath of loyalty to the British government and treason, a wave of nationalist protest spread across the country. Huge demonstrations took place all over the country. The movement of 'Azad Hind Fauj' had an impact on the national movement and also on the army. In 1946 AD, unrest started spreading in the army. The spontaneous beginning of this movement took place on February 18, 1946 AD on the Naval Signals Training Ship 'I. N. S. 'Sword'. British commanding officers resorted to racial insults and retaliation when sailors complained of poor food. They directly used to behave disrespectfully with the Indian soldiers. The reply of the British officials was “Beggars cannot be free to choose.” The sailors went on a hunger strike. Strike the Castle the next day, Fort Barracks and 22 ships in Bombay Port were spread. Although it started in Bombay, it got immense support throughout British India from Karachi to Calcutta. The revolutionary sailors removed the Union Jack flags from the ship and hoisted the tricolor there. A total of 78 ships, 20 land bases and 20,000 sailors participated. In January 1946, airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'British imperialism should be destroyed.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy.
Question 5. What was the role of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ramprasad Bismil in India's independence?
Answer -
Role of Bhagat Singh :- Bhagat Singh avenged the murder of Lala Lajpat Rai by killing the English police officer. After that Bhagat Singh reached Calcutta with Durga Bhabhi. There he learned to make bombs and came back to his area and set up a factory to make bombs. In 1929 AD, when there was a debate on "Public Meeting" and "Industrial Disputes Bill", Bhagat Singh dropped two bombs from the audience gallery, which created a stir there. Bhagat Singh made no attempt to escape and was arrested. His name had reached every household in the country. Bhagat Singh was finally sentenced to death under many cases. By sacrificing his life, Bhagat Singh turned the people against the British rule and also united them.
Answer – When the British government announced a case against some officers of 'Azad Hind Fauj' on charges of breaking the oath of loyalty to the British government and treason, a wave of nationalist protest spread across the country. Huge demonstrations took place all over the country. The movement of 'Azad Hind Fauj' had an impact on the national movement and also on the army. In 1946 AD, unrest started spreading in the army. The spontaneous beginning of this movement took place on February 18, 1946 AD on the Naval Signals Training Ship 'I. N. S. 'Sword'. British commanding officers resorted to racial insults and retaliation when sailors complained of poor food. They directly used to behave disrespectfully with the Indian soldiers. The reply of the British officials was “Beggars cannot be free to choose.” The sailors went on a hunger strike. Strike the Castle the next day, Fort Barracks and 22 ships in Bombay Port were spread. Although it started in Bombay, it got immense support throughout British India from Karachi to Calcutta. The revolutionary sailors removed the Union Jack flags from the ship and hoisted the tricolor there. A total of 78 ships, 20 land bases and 20,000 sailors participated. In January 1946, airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'British imperialism should be destroyed.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. 'Down with British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the resentment generated in the army after the struggle of the Azad Hind Army and the movement of the Navy. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy. Airmen also started a strike in Bombay. His demands were that discrimination between the British and Indians in the Air Force should be removed. Their slogans were 'Jai Hind', 'Inquilab Zindabad', 'Down with British imperialism', 'Death to British imperialism.' In fact, the British took the decision to leave India only because of the anger that arose in the army after the struggle of Azad Hind Fauj and the movement of the Navy.
Question 5. What was the role of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ramprasad Bismil in India's independence?
Answer -
Role of Bhagat Singh :- Bhagat Singh avenged the murder of Lala Lajpat Rai by killing the English police officer. After that Bhagat Singh reached Calcutta with Durga Bhabhi. There he learned to make bombs and came back to his area and set up a factory to make bombs. In 1929 AD, when there was a debate on "Public Meeting" and "Industrial Disputes Bill", Bhagat Singh dropped two bombs from the audience gallery, which created a stir there. Bhagat Singh made no attempt to escape and was arrested. His name had reached every household in the country. Bhagat Singh was finally sentenced to death under many cases. By sacrificing his life, Bhagat Singh turned the people against the British rule and also united them.
Role of Chandrashekhar Azad :- After the arrest of Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad continued his revolutionary activities. Even after all his companions were captured, he did not give up. In 1931 AD, the police surrounded him from all sides due to the betrayal by his partner. Meanwhile, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself and attained martyrdom.
Ramprasad Bismil :- Ram Prasad Bismil along with his companions carried out the Kakori incident. He along with his companions pulled the chain of 8 down Saharanpur Lucknow passenger train leaving Kakori railway station in 1925 AD to run his organization and looted the treasury of the English government. The British government arrested him and sentenced him to death. He had formed the Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh for the independence of the country.
Question 6. What was the role of Surya Sen in the revolutionary movement?
Answer – After 1924 AD, there was relaxation in the revolutionary activities in Bengal. In the beginning of 1930 AD, Surya Sen again activated the revolutionary movement. Indian revolutionary Surya Sen planned to raid and loot the armory of police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong (Bengal Presidency, now in Bangladesh). The plan was implemented at 10 pm on April 18, 1930. A group of revolutionaries led by Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armoury. About 65 people took part in this attack carried out in the name of Indian Republican Army, Chittagong branch. Suryasen's main objective behind this was to loot the main armory, destroy the telegraph and telephone office and destroy the members of the European Club, most of whom were government or military officials. There was a plan to take them hostage. The revolutionaries failed to locate the ammunition. But the same night he hoisted the national flag at the police armoury. Proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government and quickly left Chittagong. Later on February 16, 1933, Surya Sen was arrested and on January 12, 1934, he was hanged.
Let's try:
Question 1. Make a collage by collecting pictures of revolutionaries from 1919 AD to 1947 AD and list the names of all.
Answer – Students should try themselves.
Map work
Ramprasad Bismil :- Ram Prasad Bismil along with his companions carried out the Kakori incident. He along with his companions pulled the chain of 8 down Saharanpur Lucknow passenger train leaving Kakori railway station in 1925 AD to run his organization and looted the treasury of the English government. The British government arrested him and sentenced him to death. He had formed the Hindustan Prajatantra Sangh for the independence of the country.
Question 6. What was the role of Surya Sen in the revolutionary movement?
Answer – After 1924 AD, there was relaxation in the revolutionary activities in Bengal. In the beginning of 1930 AD, Surya Sen again activated the revolutionary movement. Indian revolutionary Surya Sen planned to raid and loot the armory of police and auxiliary forces in Chittagong (Bengal Presidency, now in Bangladesh). The plan was implemented at 10 pm on April 18, 1930. A group of revolutionaries led by Ganesh Ghosh captured the police armoury. About 65 people took part in this attack carried out in the name of Indian Republican Army, Chittagong branch. Suryasen's main objective behind this was to loot the main armory, destroy the telegraph and telephone office and destroy the members of the European Club, most of whom were government or military officials. There was a plan to take them hostage. The revolutionaries failed to locate the ammunition. But the same night he hoisted the national flag at the police armoury. Proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government and quickly left Chittagong. Later on February 16, 1933, Surya Sen was arrested and on January 12, 1934, he was hanged.
Let's try:
Question 1. Make a collage by collecting pictures of revolutionaries from 1919 AD to 1947 AD and list the names of all.
Answer – Students should try themselves.
Map work
 |
| Indian Revolutionary Movement Centers ( From 1919 AD to 1947 AD) |
Important Question Answer
Question. What is Lahore Conspiracy Case? What was the result of this?
Answer – Bhagat Singh in 1929 AD, when there was a debate on “Public Meeting” and “Industrial Disputes Bill”, Bhagat Singh dropped two bombs from the audience gallery, which created a stir there. Bhagat Singh made no attempt to escape and was arrested. The judge sentenced Bhagat Singh to life imprisonment on June 12, 1929 AD. Meanwhile, the police got a clue about the bomb factories set up by the revolutionaries. So the police raided the bomb factories of Delhi, Saharanpur and Lahore. Many revolutionaries were caught. The case of Bhagat Singh's involvement in the Saunders murder case started with Jai Gopal becoming a government witness. This is called the 'Lahore Conspiracy Case'. After this, he was presented in the court of Lahore and a case was started against him. During the trial, these revolutionaries told the court about the policies of the revolutionary party, Told about the objectives and programme. All these news started reaching people through newspapers. He started giving frequent statements, which increased his popularity among the public. Those who till now had condemned the revolutionaries, now started praising them.
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Notes Hindi Medium
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