Class 07 History Chapter 5 Education, Literature And Art In Ancient India
Chapter Notes
The oldest scriptures of the world are Vedas. The education given on the basis of Vedas is called Vedic education. In the ancient Gurukul education system, students were mainly taught by Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Nirukta, Vedangas. In this education system, the students had to stay in the house of the gurus and take education. Later, Gurukulas were formed and the students started learning by sitting in the ashrams of the gurus in the forests. After three days of examination, the student's 'Upnayan Sanskar' was performed. All students were given equal education.
Ancient Education Pattern: There was strict discipline in education. Emphasis was placed on the pronunciation of the text. Vedic mantras were chanted with pure pronunciation. Swadhyaya and Pravachan – were the basic parts of Vedic education. Education used to make the student strong internally and externally. The basic purpose of this education was to control the fickleness of the student's mind, purification of mind, love for the nation, thinking of others, respecting parents and teachers. Ancient education used to nurture 'sacrificing' culture. Yajna, study and charity were considered the main for salvation in education. The system of life was divided on the basis of Brahmacharya, Grihasthashram, Vanaprastha and Sannyas. In Vedic education, the path of the world and the hereafter, the problems of life, the knowledge of the soul, the divine, deshatan, character-building, respect for the feelings of others, etc. were known. All round development of the personality of the student, Emphasis was laid on broad outlook and positive aspects. The student used to take education by being close to the gurus and vocational education was also prevalent.
Features of ancient teaching method: In ancient times, Acharya had a special place in the process of practice. Acharya had the title of 'Deity'. There was a personal relationship between the teacher and the disciple. The disciple lived as a member of the Guru's clan. Teaching was oral. The help of books was not always taken. Holidays were mainly fixed on Pratipada, Ashtami, Chaturdashi, Purnima and Amavasya. There was also a holiday on accidental incidents like nuisance, attack, robbery, accident, divine objection.
Vedadhyayan meant not only memorizing the mantras but also understanding their meaning. Discipline was strict, emotions and desires were restrained. There was no fee for study. Special efforts were made to protect and enhance the Vedic culture. A spiritual environment was created for the moral upliftment of the student, such as performing yagya etc. Emphasis was laid on the purity of mind, words and deeds of the student. Samavartan Sanskar was performed at the end of education.
Women's education in ancient times: It is known from the study of Vedas that there was a good system of women's education in the Vedic period. He also used to have an Upanayana. She also got higher education. It is because of higher education that a woman has been called Brahma in Rigveda. After attaining knowledge (girls), there was also a system of teaching poetry, weaponry, fine arts, music, dance, acting etc. A woman proficient in dance, singing and choreography was called 'Visharad'. There is a lot of description of ideal women in the Upanishads. Maitreyi (wife of sage Yajnavalkya), Bharati (wife of Mandan Mishra), Gargi etc. But after the Vedic period there was a decline in female education.
Military Education: It is mentioned in Atharvaveda that it is mandatory for every person to be given military education for the defense of the nation. Normally only Kshatriyas were given military education. He was responsible for the defense of the nation.
Major centers of education in ancient times
Nalanda University: It was situated in the Rajgriha district of Patna. This university was founded by Kumaragupta. Hiuen Tsang also studied here for two years.
Vallabhi University: This university was similar to Nalanda University which was located in Kathiawar, Gujarat. It is situated in the present Bhavnagar district. The Maitraka dynasty ruled Gujarat from the fifth to the eighth century. Bhattarak, the commander of this dynasty, established this university in 470 AD. Chinese travelers Hiuen Tsang and Etsing have also described this education center in detail. Itsing stayed here for three years. According to Hiuen Tsang, this university was as famous as Nalanda. Vallabhi also used to attract scholars from far and wide and the persons educated here were respected all over the country. Many subjects were studied in this university, especially law, economics, mathematics and literature. Many monasteries were also built in it. Maitreya's capital and port was also near this university. This is 775 AD. Continued till At the same time the invasions of Arabs started and their downfall also started.
Vikramshila University: It was located in the present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar. It was established by Dharmapala (780 AD – 810 AD), the ruler of the Pala dynasty. This king had also established many Buddhist temples and viharas. Study-teaching work was done in these. This university had gained international fame due to its specialties. People from Tibet used to come in large numbers to study and went back and were appointed to high positions. On the request of the king of China, a scholar named Deepankar Srigyan was sent to China from here. The administration of the university was run by Mahasthavir, who used to be its Vice-Chancellor. Teachers were people of simple living and high thinking. Special studies of grammar, philosophy, rituals etc. were done here, but later the study of Tantra-Mantra started here, which also became the reason for the downfall of this university.
Kanchipuram University: It was located in Kanchipuram. Kanchi was the famous city of South India, center of education and capital of Pallava kings. Here both Hindu and Buddhist religions were taught in different centers. Along with the study and teaching of religions, logic, jurisprudence and grammar literature were taught. Vatsyayan, the famous author of Nyaya Bhashya, was the Acharya of Kanchi. Dignag also got education at this place. Mayura Varma, the ruler of the 5th century Kadamba dynasty, studied here. Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang stayed in Kanchi for a long time. According to him, Kanchi was also the center of the Mahayana branch of Vaishnavism, Jainism and Buddhism.
Literature in ancient india
Hindu, Buddhist and Jain literature were created in ancient Indian literature. Apart from this, secular literature was also found in large quantity.
Meaning of art: The creation of man which gives pleasure in his life is called 'art'. Indian art philosophy. The description of the word art is also found in Rigveda. In the first century, Bharatamuni has described it in his book 'Natyasastra'. The real meaning of art is to inspire. Beautiful, sweet, soft and pleasing craftsmanship is called art.
Types of Art Architecture or Architecture:
Prehistoric Art: Stone Age man lived in caves made by nature. He used to make weapons from stone, wood, animal bones.
Art of Saraswati-Indus Civilization: The people of this civilization were expert in making black and red baked clay utensils. Apart from this, idols of mother goddess, plants, pictures of animals and birds, pictures of fish and deer were made. Big bathrooms, grain stores, pottery toys and stamps have been found in this civilization.
Art of Ajanta: Ajanta is considered to be the great thati (heritage) of the Buddhist period, which is based on the events of the life of Mahatma Buddha and the Jataka tales. Thirty cave temples of Ajanta were built by cutting the hills. These caves are a perfect confluence of sculpture, architecture and painting.
Tiger Caves: The Indian painting tradition can be seen in the tiger art after Ajanta. The Bagh Caves are among the best examples of the Gupta period. The shape of his picture style is Ajanta style. The total number of Bagh caves are nine which are all Vihara caves.
Gupta Art: The Gupta period was a period of religious tolerance. Krishna and Balarama were worshiped by the Vasudev sect. Considering Krishna as an incarnation of Vishnu, the idols of Vishnu were also marked. Big temples started being built during this period.
Jain Caves: These caves are built together at the end of the Ellora cave series. The idols of Tirthankaras Parshvanath and Mahavira are made on the walls of these caves. Apart from this, Bahubali Gomateshwar's marking is especially popular.
Statue of Nataraja: The statue of Nataraja found at Kuram in Chingleput district belongs to the early period of the South Indian Chola dynasty. This statue is preserved in the Government Museum, Madras. This idol of Nataraja made of copper is safe in the Boston Museum.
Ellora Caves: Ellora Caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The world famous Kailash temple at Ellora was built during the time of Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. This temple was built by cutting the mountains. Rows of huge elephants are built on the sides of these temples.
Architecture or Architecture: This art was called the architecture of the mixture of logic, intelligence, science and technology. In this ancient art, the condition and directions of the buildings were understood. In this art, buildings etc. were constructed by keeping pace with the nature and interest of the intellect. In the modern age, this art is at its peak.
Mind map
Art -
Art forms
Question Answer
let's know, how much learned
Select the correct answer :
1. Ajanta, Ellora and Jain caves are located in ______ state.
a) Madhya Pradesh
b) Maharashtra
c) Punjab
d) Karnataka
Answer – b) Maharashtra
2. The author of Natya Shastra is….
a) Bharat Muni
b) Sage Patanjali
c) Kapil Muni
d) Sage Kanad
Answer – a) Bharat Muni
3. A woman well versed in dance, singing and choreography was called _______.
a) dancer
b) Visharad
c) both A and B
d) none of these
Answer – b) Visharad
4. Prachiran Granth is _______ literature.
a) Hindu
b) Buddhist
b) Visharad
c) both A and B
d) none of these
Answer – b) Visharad
4. Prachiran Granth is _______ literature.
a) Hindu
b) Buddhist
c) Jain
d) cosmic
Answer – c) Jain
5. The Sacrament to be done at the end of education is:
a) Upanayana
b) Naming
c) Samvartan
d) Mundan
Answer – c) Samvartan
Fill in the blanks:
Answer – The statue of Nataraja obtained from Kuram in Chingleput district belongs to the early period of the South Indian Chola dynasty. This idol of Nataraja made of copper is safe in the Boston Museum.
Question 4. List the main centers of education in ancient India.
Answer – Main centers of education of ancient India –
Answer – The life system was divided on the basis of Brahmacharya, Grihasthashram, Vanaprastha and Sannyas.
Let's consider:
Question 1. What are the characteristics of the Vedic teaching method?
Answer – In the Vedic education system, students were mainly taught by Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Nirukta, Vedangas. In this education system, the students had to stay in the house of the gurus and take education. Later, Gurukulas were formed and the students started learning by sitting in the ashrams of the gurus in the forests. After three days of examination, the student's 'Upnayan Sanskar' was performed. All students were given equal education.
Question 2. Compare the system of women's education in the Vedic period and today's women's education.
Answer – There was a good arrangement for the education of women in the Vedic period. He also used to have an Upanayana. She also got higher education. It is because of higher education that a woman has been called Brahma in Rigveda. After attaining knowledge (to girls), there was also a system of teaching poetry, weaponry, fine arts, music, dance, acting etc. Even in modern times, women receive education equally with men and play their role in all fields.
Question 3. Make a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the art of the Pre-Stone Age and the art of the Indus Valley.
Answer – Pre-Stone Age man lived in caves made by nature. He used to make weapons from stone, wood, animal bones. But in the art of Saraswati-Indus civilization, people were expert in making black and red baked clay utensils. Apart from this, idols of mother goddess, plants, pictures of animals and birds, pictures of fish and deer were made. Big bathrooms, grain stores, pottery toys and stamps have been found in this civilization.
Question 4. What is meant by art and what are its sources?
Answer – That creation of man which gives pleasure in his life is called art. The real meaning of art is to inspire. Beautiful, sweet, soft and pleasing craftsmanship is called art. The main sources for knowing art are inscriptions, historical texts, ancient ruins, seals and seals, accounts of travelers and autobiographies written by kings.
Question 5. Analytically describe the characteristics of the centers of education in ancient India.
Answer – Nalanda University, Takshashila University, Vallabhi University, Vikramshila University and Kanchipuram University were the important centers of education in ancient India. Students from abroad also used to come to study in these centers. So many texts were created inside so many universities. Students of almost all religions used to come here for education. Acharya had a special place in these universities. Acharya had the title of 'Deity'. Teaching was oral. The help of books was not always taken. Discipline was strict, emotions and desires were restrained. There was no fee for study. Special efforts were made to protect and enhance the Vedic culture. Emphasis was laid on the purity of mind, words and deeds of the student. Samavartan Sanskar was performed at the end of education.
Let's try:
Question 1. Mark the essay places on the map of India and write their names:
The oldest scriptures of the world are Vedas. The education given on the basis of Vedas is called Vedic education. In the ancient Gurukul education system, students were mainly taught by Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Nirukta, Vedangas. In this education system, the students had to stay in the house of the gurus and take education. Later, Gurukulas were formed and the students started learning by sitting in the ashrams of the gurus in the forests. After three days of examination, the student's 'Upnayan Sanskar' was performed. All students were given equal education.
Ancient Education Pattern: There was strict discipline in education. Emphasis was placed on the pronunciation of the text. Vedic mantras were chanted with pure pronunciation. Swadhyaya and Pravachan – were the basic parts of Vedic education. Education used to make the student strong internally and externally. The basic purpose of this education was to control the fickleness of the student's mind, purification of mind, love for the nation, thinking of others, respecting parents and teachers. Ancient education used to nurture 'sacrificing' culture. Yajna, study and charity were considered the main for salvation in education. The system of life was divided on the basis of Brahmacharya, Grihasthashram, Vanaprastha and Sannyas. In Vedic education, the path of the world and the hereafter, the problems of life, the knowledge of the soul, the divine, deshatan, character-building, respect for the feelings of others, etc. were known. All round development of the personality of the student, Emphasis was laid on broad outlook and positive aspects. The student used to take education by being close to the gurus and vocational education was also prevalent.
Features of ancient teaching method: In ancient times, Acharya had a special place in the process of practice. Acharya had the title of 'Deity'. There was a personal relationship between the teacher and the disciple. The disciple lived as a member of the Guru's clan. Teaching was oral. The help of books was not always taken. Holidays were mainly fixed on Pratipada, Ashtami, Chaturdashi, Purnima and Amavasya. There was also a holiday on accidental incidents like nuisance, attack, robbery, accident, divine objection.
Vedadhyayan meant not only memorizing the mantras but also understanding their meaning. Discipline was strict, emotions and desires were restrained. There was no fee for study. Special efforts were made to protect and enhance the Vedic culture. A spiritual environment was created for the moral upliftment of the student, such as performing yagya etc. Emphasis was laid on the purity of mind, words and deeds of the student. Samavartan Sanskar was performed at the end of education.
Women's education in ancient times: It is known from the study of Vedas that there was a good system of women's education in the Vedic period. He also used to have an Upanayana. She also got higher education. It is because of higher education that a woman has been called Brahma in Rigveda. After attaining knowledge (girls), there was also a system of teaching poetry, weaponry, fine arts, music, dance, acting etc. A woman proficient in dance, singing and choreography was called 'Visharad'. There is a lot of description of ideal women in the Upanishads. Maitreyi (wife of sage Yajnavalkya), Bharati (wife of Mandan Mishra), Gargi etc. But after the Vedic period there was a decline in female education.
Military Education: It is mentioned in Atharvaveda that it is mandatory for every person to be given military education for the defense of the nation. Normally only Kshatriyas were given military education. He was responsible for the defense of the nation.
Major centers of education in ancient times
Nalanda University: It was situated in the Rajgriha district of Patna. This university was founded by Kumaragupta. Hiuen Tsang also studied here for two years.
- Ten thousand students and 1510 teachers were employed here.
- It was a residential university.
- In this, students not only from India but also from China, Bhutan, Nepal, Japan, Sri Lanka, Tibet etc used to come for education.
- In Nalanda University, subjects like language, grammar, political science, theology, science, mathematics, philosophy etc. were taught. Therefore, King Harshvardhan was always alert towards the educational centers.
Vallabhi University: This university was similar to Nalanda University which was located in Kathiawar, Gujarat. It is situated in the present Bhavnagar district. The Maitraka dynasty ruled Gujarat from the fifth to the eighth century. Bhattarak, the commander of this dynasty, established this university in 470 AD. Chinese travelers Hiuen Tsang and Etsing have also described this education center in detail. Itsing stayed here for three years. According to Hiuen Tsang, this university was as famous as Nalanda. Vallabhi also used to attract scholars from far and wide and the persons educated here were respected all over the country. Many subjects were studied in this university, especially law, economics, mathematics and literature. Many monasteries were also built in it. Maitreya's capital and port was also near this university. This is 775 AD. Continued till At the same time the invasions of Arabs started and their downfall also started.
Vikramshila University: It was located in the present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar. It was established by Dharmapala (780 AD – 810 AD), the ruler of the Pala dynasty. This king had also established many Buddhist temples and viharas. Study-teaching work was done in these. This university had gained international fame due to its specialties. People from Tibet used to come in large numbers to study and went back and were appointed to high positions. On the request of the king of China, a scholar named Deepankar Srigyan was sent to China from here. The administration of the university was run by Mahasthavir, who used to be its Vice-Chancellor. Teachers were people of simple living and high thinking. Special studies of grammar, philosophy, rituals etc. were done here, but later the study of Tantra-Mantra started here, which also became the reason for the downfall of this university.
Kanchipuram University: It was located in Kanchipuram. Kanchi was the famous city of South India, center of education and capital of Pallava kings. Here both Hindu and Buddhist religions were taught in different centers. Along with the study and teaching of religions, logic, jurisprudence and grammar literature were taught. Vatsyayan, the famous author of Nyaya Bhashya, was the Acharya of Kanchi. Dignag also got education at this place. Mayura Varma, the ruler of the 5th century Kadamba dynasty, studied here. Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang stayed in Kanchi for a long time. According to him, Kanchi was also the center of the Mahayana branch of Vaishnavism, Jainism and Buddhism.
Literature in ancient india
Hindu, Buddhist and Jain literature were created in ancient Indian literature. Apart from this, secular literature was also found in large quantity.
- Hindu literature has four Vedas, Brahmin texts, Aranyaka Upanishads, Dharma Sutras, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata, 18 Puranas etc.
- Tripitaka, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Buddhacharita and Jataka tales are prominent in Buddhist literature.
- Jain literature has 10 angas, 10 appendages, scattered texts and Padma Purana etc.
- In cosmic literature, there are compositions of Kautilya, Visakhadatta, Kalidas, Shudrak, Dandi, Vishnu Sharma, Panini, Patanjali, Bharatmuni, Baan, Harsh etc.
Meaning of art: The creation of man which gives pleasure in his life is called 'art'. Indian art philosophy. The description of the word art is also found in Rigveda. In the first century, Bharatamuni has described it in his book 'Natyasastra'. The real meaning of art is to inspire. Beautiful, sweet, soft and pleasing craftsmanship is called art.
Types of Art Architecture or Architecture:
- Building construction, forts, temples and stupas etc come in this art.
- Sculpture: In this, idols are made from stone and metal.
- Painting: In this, the pictures written on the walls, roofs, Bhojpatra and paper of the building come.
- Earthenware Art: Earthenware comes in this art.
- Currency Art: In this comes the stamps marked on the coins.
- Stone Art: Sculptures made of stone come in this.
- Metal Art: It includes sculptures made of bronze, copper or brass.
- Dental Art: It includes artefacts made from elephant teeth.
- Clay Art: It includes toys and figures made of clay.
- Engraved Art or Bhaskarya Art: In this art, design is done by engraving on a stone, rock, metal or wooden board.
- Fine Art: Fine art is aesthetic. Architecture, sculpture, painting, music and poetry are considered in this.
Prehistoric Art: Stone Age man lived in caves made by nature. He used to make weapons from stone, wood, animal bones.
Art of Saraswati-Indus Civilization: The people of this civilization were expert in making black and red baked clay utensils. Apart from this, idols of mother goddess, plants, pictures of animals and birds, pictures of fish and deer were made. Big bathrooms, grain stores, pottery toys and stamps have been found in this civilization.
Art of Ajanta: Ajanta is considered to be the great thati (heritage) of the Buddhist period, which is based on the events of the life of Mahatma Buddha and the Jataka tales. Thirty cave temples of Ajanta were built by cutting the hills. These caves are a perfect confluence of sculpture, architecture and painting.
Tiger Caves: The Indian painting tradition can be seen in the tiger art after Ajanta. The Bagh Caves are among the best examples of the Gupta period. The shape of his picture style is Ajanta style. The total number of Bagh caves are nine which are all Vihara caves.
Gupta Art: The Gupta period was a period of religious tolerance. Krishna and Balarama were worshiped by the Vasudev sect. Considering Krishna as an incarnation of Vishnu, the idols of Vishnu were also marked. Big temples started being built during this period.
Jain Caves: These caves are built together at the end of the Ellora cave series. The idols of Tirthankaras Parshvanath and Mahavira are made on the walls of these caves. Apart from this, Bahubali Gomateshwar's marking is especially popular.
Statue of Nataraja: The statue of Nataraja found at Kuram in Chingleput district belongs to the early period of the South Indian Chola dynasty. This statue is preserved in the Government Museum, Madras. This idol of Nataraja made of copper is safe in the Boston Museum.
Ellora Caves: Ellora Caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The world famous Kailash temple at Ellora was built during the time of Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. This temple was built by cutting the mountains. Rows of huge elephants are built on the sides of these temples.
Architecture or Architecture: This art was called the architecture of the mixture of logic, intelligence, science and technology. In this ancient art, the condition and directions of the buildings were understood. In this art, buildings etc. were constructed by keeping pace with the nature and interest of the intellect. In the modern age, this art is at its peak.
Mind map
Art -
Art forms
- Architecture
- Sculpture
- Drawing
- Pottery
- Currency art
- Stone art
- Metal art
- Dentistry
- Sculpture
- Engraved art
- Fine arts
- Inscriptions
- Historical text
- Ancient ruins
- Stamps and coins
- Traveller's accounts
- Biographies of kings
Arts in different periods
- Prehistoric Art
- Art of Saraswati-Indus Civilization
- Art of Ajanta
- Gupta Art
- Jain Caves
- Nataraja idol
- Ellora Caves
- Architecture
Question Answer
let's know, how much learned
Select the correct answer :
1. Ajanta, Ellora and Jain caves are located in ______ state.
a) Madhya Pradesh
b) Maharashtra
c) Punjab
d) Karnataka
Answer – b) Maharashtra
2. The author of Natya Shastra is….
a) Bharat Muni
b) Sage Patanjali
c) Kapil Muni
d) Sage Kanad
Answer – a) Bharat Muni
3. A woman well versed in dance, singing and choreography was called _______.
a) dancer
b) Visharad
c) both A and B
d) none of these
Answer – b) Visharad
4. Prachiran Granth is _______ literature.
a) Hindu
b) Buddhist
b) Visharad
c) both A and B
d) none of these
Answer – b) Visharad
4. Prachiran Granth is _______ literature.
a) Hindu
b) Buddhist
c) Jain
d) cosmic
Answer – c) Jain
5. The Sacrament to be done at the end of education is:
a) Upanayana
b) Naming
c) Samvartan
d) Mundan
Answer – c) Samvartan
Fill in the blanks:
- The basic parts of Vedic education are ________ and ________.
- The people of Saraswati-Indus civilization were expert in making _______ pottery.
- Nalanda University was founded by _________.
- Ancient Indian literature consists of the literature of ________, _______ and ______ religions.
- Architecture or architecture was called the art of mixing _______, _______ and _______.
Answer – 1. Swadhyay, Discourse, 2. Kali and Lal, 3. Kumargupta, 4. Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, 5. Intelligence, Science, Technology.
Match:
Thread ceremony Pala dynasty ruler Dharmapala
Vallabhi University Buddhist literature
Jataka story Ivory artefacts
Dental art Rituals to be performed before getting education
Vikramshila University Gujarat
Answer -
Thread ceremony Rituals to be performed before getting education
Vallabhi University Gujarat
Jataka story Buddhist literature
Dental art Ivory artefacts
Vikramshila University Pala dynasty ruler Dharmapala
Match:
Thread ceremony Pala dynasty ruler Dharmapala
Vallabhi University Buddhist literature
Jataka story Ivory artefacts
Dental art Rituals to be performed before getting education
Vikramshila University Gujarat
Answer -
Thread ceremony Rituals to be performed before getting education
Vallabhi University Gujarat
Jataka story Buddhist literature
Dental art Ivory artefacts
Vikramshila University Pala dynasty ruler Dharmapala
Short Question:
Question 1. Name two texts each of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist literature.
Answer – Hindu literature –
Question 1. Name two texts each of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist literature.
Answer – Hindu literature –
Four Vedas - Ramayana, Mahabharata
Buddhist Literature – Buddha Charita and Jataka Tales
Jain literature – 10 angas, 10 appendages
Question 2. List the types of art.
Answer – Types of Art –
Buddhist Literature – Buddha Charita and Jataka Tales
Jain literature – 10 angas, 10 appendages
Question 2. List the types of art.
Answer – Types of Art –
- Architecture
- Sculpture
- Drawing
- Pottery
- Currency art
- Stone art
- Metal art
- Dentistry
- Sculpture
- Engraved art
- Fine arts
Answer – The statue of Nataraja obtained from Kuram in Chingleput district belongs to the early period of the South Indian Chola dynasty. This idol of Nataraja made of copper is safe in the Boston Museum.
Question 4. List the main centers of education in ancient India.
Answer – Main centers of education of ancient India –
- Nalanda University
- Takshashila University
- Vallabhi University
- Vikramshila University
- Kanchipuram University
Answer – The life system was divided on the basis of Brahmacharya, Grihasthashram, Vanaprastha and Sannyas.
Let's consider:
Question 1. What are the characteristics of the Vedic teaching method?
Answer – In the Vedic education system, students were mainly taught by Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Nirukta, Vedangas. In this education system, the students had to stay in the house of the gurus and take education. Later, Gurukulas were formed and the students started learning by sitting in the ashrams of the gurus in the forests. After three days of examination, the student's 'Upnayan Sanskar' was performed. All students were given equal education.
Question 2. Compare the system of women's education in the Vedic period and today's women's education.
Answer – There was a good arrangement for the education of women in the Vedic period. He also used to have an Upanayana. She also got higher education. It is because of higher education that a woman has been called Brahma in Rigveda. After attaining knowledge (to girls), there was also a system of teaching poetry, weaponry, fine arts, music, dance, acting etc. Even in modern times, women receive education equally with men and play their role in all fields.
Question 3. Make a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the art of the Pre-Stone Age and the art of the Indus Valley.
Answer – Pre-Stone Age man lived in caves made by nature. He used to make weapons from stone, wood, animal bones. But in the art of Saraswati-Indus civilization, people were expert in making black and red baked clay utensils. Apart from this, idols of mother goddess, plants, pictures of animals and birds, pictures of fish and deer were made. Big bathrooms, grain stores, pottery toys and stamps have been found in this civilization.
Question 4. What is meant by art and what are its sources?
Answer – That creation of man which gives pleasure in his life is called art. The real meaning of art is to inspire. Beautiful, sweet, soft and pleasing craftsmanship is called art. The main sources for knowing art are inscriptions, historical texts, ancient ruins, seals and seals, accounts of travelers and autobiographies written by kings.
Question 5. Analytically describe the characteristics of the centers of education in ancient India.
Answer – Nalanda University, Takshashila University, Vallabhi University, Vikramshila University and Kanchipuram University were the important centers of education in ancient India. Students from abroad also used to come to study in these centers. So many texts were created inside so many universities. Students of almost all religions used to come here for education. Acharya had a special place in these universities. Acharya had the title of 'Deity'. Teaching was oral. The help of books was not always taken. Discipline was strict, emotions and desires were restrained. There was no fee for study. Special efforts were made to protect and enhance the Vedic culture. Emphasis was laid on the purity of mind, words and deeds of the student. Samavartan Sanskar was performed at the end of education.
Let's try:
Question 1. Mark the essay places on the map of India and write their names:
Kanchipuram
Bihar
Ajanta
Tiger
Ellora
Nalanda
Vallabhi
Kanchi
Bihar
Ajanta
Tiger
Ellora
Nalanda
Vallabhi
Kanchi
Answer -
Important Question Answer
Question 1. Describe the Ajanta caves.
Answer – Ajanta is considered to be the great thati (heritage) of the Buddhist period, which is based on the events and Jataka tales of the life of Mahatma Buddha. Thirty cave temples of Ajanta were built by cutting the hills. These caves are a perfect confluence of sculpture, architecture and painting.
Question 2. Describe the Ellora caves.
Answer – Ellora caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The world famous Kailash temple at Ellora was built during the time of Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. This temple was built by cutting the mountains. Rows of huge elephants are built on the sides of these temples.
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| Education, Literature And Art In Ancient India |
Important Question Answer
Question 1. Describe the Ajanta caves.
Answer – Ajanta is considered to be the great thati (heritage) of the Buddhist period, which is based on the events and Jataka tales of the life of Mahatma Buddha. Thirty cave temples of Ajanta were built by cutting the hills. These caves are a perfect confluence of sculpture, architecture and painting.
Question 2. Describe the Ellora caves.
Answer – Ellora caves are in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The world famous Kailash temple at Ellora was built during the time of Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. This temple was built by cutting the mountains. Rows of huge elephants are built on the sides of these temples.
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Sir Question 4th galat hai do Bari Aya hai
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