Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 Geography as a Discipline (English)

Choose the correct answer from the four options given below: - 

(i) Which one of the following scholars coined the term ‘Geography’?

(a) Herodotus
(b) Eratosthenes 
(c) Galileo
(d) Aristotle
ANS. (b) Eratosthenes 

(ii) Which one of the following features can be termed as ‘physical feature’?

(a) Port
(b) Road 
(c) Plain 
(d) Water Park

ANS. (c) Plain 

(iii) Make correct pairs from the following two columns and mark the correct option. 

Column A (Natural/Social Science)     Column B (Branches of Geography)
1. Meteorology                                      a. population geography
2. Demographic                                     b. soil geography
3. Sociology                                           c. climatology
4. Pedology                                            d. social geography

Options
(a) 1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d
(b) 1.a, 2.d, 3.b, 4.c 
(c) 1.d, 2.b, 3.c, 4.a  
(d) 1.c, 2.a, 3.d, 4.b

ANS. (d) 1.c, 2.a, 3.d, 4.b

(iv) Which one of the following questions is related to cause-effect relationship?

(a) Why
(b) Where 
(c) What 
(d) When

ANS. (a)Why

(v) Which one of the following disciplines attempts temporal synthesis?

(a) Sociology
(b) Geography 
(c) Anthropology 
(d)  History 

ANS. (d)  History 

Answer the following questions in about 30 words

1. What important cultural traits do you observe while going to school? Are they all equal or unequal? Should they be included in the study of geography or not? If yes, why?

Answer - We observe important cultural features like settlements, roads, markets, fields, canals, temples, places of worship, etc., while going to school. These are all unequal.
They should be included in the study of geography. Because in the study area of geography, cultural features are studied in the form of human activities along with the physical environment. All these are an integral part of the subject matter of geography.

2. You have seen a tennis ball, a cricket ball, an orange and a pumpkin. Which one amongst these resembles the shape of the earth? Why have you chosen this particular item to describe the shape of the earth? 

Answer - Yes, we have seen tennis ball, cricket ball, orange and gourd etc. Of these, the shape of an orange is similar to the shape of the earth.
We have chosen the orange to describe the shape of the earth because the orange is also spherical like the earth and is flattened from above and below. The earth is also spherical and is slightly flattened at the poles.

3. Do you celebrate Van Mahotsava in your school? Why do we plant so many trees? How do the trees maintain ecological balance? 

Answer - Yes, we organize Van Mahotsav celebrations in your school during the rainy months.
We plant so many trees so that the tree can absorb CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from the environment and the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere remains appropriate. Through this process the trees maintain the ecological balance. Along with this process, the trees hold the soil together with the roots and also help in bringing rain by evaporating from the leaves. Trees also provide shelter to many animals and birds.

4. You have seen elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses. Where do they live or grow? What is the name given to this sphere? Can you describe some of the important features of this sphere?

Answer -Yes, we have seen elephants, deer, earthworms, trees and grasses etc.

All of them live and grow in the biosphere existing on the earth.
This zone has been named as the biosphere.
Some of the characteristics of biosphere are as follows: -
1. The biosphere is a mixed form of lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere on the earth, that is, in these three circles, wherever life is possible, there is a biosphere.
2. The extent of the biosphere is up to a depth of 9000 meters in the oceans, up to a depth of 300 meters under the land and up to a height of 5000 meters in the atmosphere.
3. The biosphere was first conceptualized about 100 years ago by the Australian geologist Edward Swaes.

5.  How much time do you take to reach your school from your house? Had the school been located across the road from your house, how much time would you have taken to reach school? What is the effect of the distance between your residence and the school on the time taken in commuting? Can you convert time into space and vice versa?

Answer - It usually takes half an hour to go from home to school. Had the school been across the street from the house, it would have taken only a few minutes to reach the school.
Other conditions being equal, it takes longer to cover a greater distance. Time cannot be converted into place or space into time.

Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

1. You observe every day in your surroundings that there is variation in natural as well as cultural phenomena. All the trees are not of the same variety. All the birds and animals you see, are different. All these different elements are found on the earth. Can you now argue that geography is the study of “areal differentiation”?

Answer - Yes, on observing our Surrounding, we find that there is a difference in both natural and cultural facts. Not all trees are of the same type. All the animals and birds that we see are different. All these different elements are found on the surface.

This is due to the difference in physical and climatic conditions found on the surface. For example, the trees and fauna of the Himalayas located in the north of India are related to more rainfall and snowfall, while the effect of dry desert climate on the fauna and flora of Rajasthan is clearly visible.

On studying the above facts, we can argue that geography is the study of regional/regional variation.

2. You have already studied geography, history, civics and economics as parts of social studies. Attempt an integration of these disciplines highlighting their interface.

Answer - Geography is an integrating subject.
Geography takes the help of Economics for the study of economic activities;
History for the knowledge of time;
Demography for population related characteristics;
Agriculture Science for the distribution of crops and land use;
Sociology for the study of human communities, its socio-family customs, etc.; Political Science for the study of geo-politics, international relations, polity, etc., Its takes the help of mathematics and many types of languages ​​(linguistics) to do various types of calculations.

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